:root{--ink:#111;--paper:#f2f0e9;--line:#b7b4ac;--muted:#6e6b64}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.topbar{height:68px;display:flex;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding:0 2.4vw;position:sticky;top:0;background:rgba(242,240,233,.94);backdrop-filter:blur(12px);z-index:10}.mark{font-size:20px;font-weight:900;letter-spacing:-1px}.mark span{font-size:7px;vertical-align:top;margin-left:2px}.topbar nav{margin-left:auto;display:flex;gap:2.2vw;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em}.topbar nav a:hover{opacity:.45}.menu{display:none;margin-left:auto;background:none;border:0;font-size:11px}.ruled{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.hero{padding:24px 2.4vw 32px;min-height:710px}.kicker,.section-tag{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(72px,12.5vw,190px);line-height:.73;letter-spacing:-.09em;margin:80px 0 64px;font-weight:900}.hero h1 span{margin-left:9vw}.hero-bottom{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:end;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:22px}.statement{font-size:clamp(24px,3.3vw,52px);line-height:.88;font-weight:900;margin:0;letter-spacing:-.05em}.intro{max-width:570px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,29px);line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 5px auto}.market{padding:24px 2.4vw 0}.chart-wrap{margin-top:50px}.chart{width:100%;height:260px;overflow:visible}.chart polyline{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:2;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.chart circle{fill:var(--ink)}.grid line{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:.7}.axis{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:8px;color:var(--muted);padding:8px 0 22px}.ticker{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.ticker div{padding:14px 12px;border-right:1px solid var(--ink);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:10px}.ticker div:last-child{border:0}.ticker strong{font-size:8px;color:var(--muted)}.section{padding:32px 2.4vw 70px}.section-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:70px 1fr auto;align-items:baseline;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding-bottom:14px}.section-head span,.section-head p{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.1em}.section-head h2{font-size:clamp(40px,6vw,86px);letter-spacing:-.06em;margin:0}.projects{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr}.projects article{min-height:470px;padding:24px;border-right:1px solid var(--ink);position:relative}.projects article:last-child{border:0}.projects .meta{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.08em;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.projects h3{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(27px,3vw,46px);font-weight:400;line-height:1.05;margin:80px 0 22px}.projects article:not(.featured) h3{font-size:28px;margin-top:90px}.projects p{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;max-width:540px}.projects a{position:absolute;bottom:22px;left:24px;right:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--ink);padding-top:12px;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.bars{height:70px;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:8px;margin-top:30px}.bars i{display:block;background:var(--ink);width:9%;height:20%}.bars i:nth-child(2){height:36%}.bars i:nth-child(3){height:28%}.bars i:nth-child(4){height:58%}.bars i:nth-child(5){height:45%}.bars i:nth-child(6){height:72%}.bars i:nth-child(7){height:62%}.bars i:nth-child(8){height:91%}.spark{font-size:35px;letter-spacing:-9px;margin-top:35px}.scatter{height:90px;position:relative;margin-top:20px;border-left:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.scatter i{width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--ink);border-radius:50%;position:absolute}.scatter i:nth-child(1){left:12%;bottom:15%}.scatter i:nth-child(2){left:24%;bottom:25%}.scatter i:nth-child(3){left:40%;bottom:32%}.scatter i:nth-child(4){left:52%;bottom:48%}.scatter i:nth-child(5){left:65%;bottom:44%}.scatter i:nth-child(6){left:77%;bottom:69%}.scatter i:nth-child(7){left:88%;bottom:76%}.dark{background:#111;color:var(--paper)}.dark .section-head{border-color:var(--paper)}.writing-list a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:70px 1fr 220px 30px;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #555;padding:26px 0}.writing-list a:hover h3{font-style:italic}.writing-list h3{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,58px);font-weight:400;margin:0}.writing-list span,.writing-list em{font-size:9px;font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.08em}.writing-note{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:18px;max-width:440px;margin:55px 0 0 auto}.archive-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr;min-height:390px}.archive-card{border-right:1px solid var(--ink);padding:22px;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.archive-card:last-child{border:0}.archive-card small{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.08em}.archive-card strong{font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,64px);line-height:.9;letter-spacing:-.06em;margin:auto 0}.archive-card span{font-size:9px;border-top:1px solid;padding-top:10px}.archive-card.graph svg{margin:auto 0}.archive-card.graph polyline{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}.about{padding:28px 2.4vw 90px}.about-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:6vw;margin-top:90px}.about h2{font-size:clamp(55px,8vw,115px);line-height:.82;letter-spacing:-.07em;margin:0}.about-grid>div{padding-top:10px}.about p{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:19px;line-height:1.5;max-width:590px}.about .lead{font-size:31px;line-height:1.25}.links{display:flex;gap:28px;border-top:1px solid;margin-top:40px;padding-top:14px;font-size:10px;font-weight:bold}.elsewhere{background:#111;color:var(--paper);padding:35px 2.4vw 80px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:5vw}.elsewhere>div>span{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.1em}.elsewhere h2{font-size:clamp(60px,8vw,120px);line-height:.82;letter-spacing:-.07em;margin:80px 0 0}.else-links{padding-top:85px}.else-links a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px solid #555;padding:22px 0;font-size:24px;font-weight:800}.else-links a span{font-size:9px;font-weight:400;align-self:center}footer{background:#111;color:var(--paper);border-top:1px solid #555;padding:40px 2.4vw 28px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr auto;align-items:end}.footmark{font-size:clamp(90px,16vw,240px);font-weight:900;letter-spacing:-.1em;line-height:.65}footer p{font-size:9px;line-height:1.5}.copy{text-align:right}@media(max-width:800px){.topbar nav{display:none;position:absolute;top:68px;left:0;right:0;background:var(--paper);padding:24px;flex-direction:column;border-bottom:1px solid}.topbar.open nav{display:flex}.menu{display:block}.hero{min-height:auto}.hero h1{margin:70px 0 50px;font-size:22vw;line-height:.78}.hero h1 span{margin-left:0}.hero-bottom,.about-grid,.elsewhere{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px}.intro{margin:35px 0 0}.ticker{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.ticker div:nth-child(2){border-right:0}.ticker div:nth-child(-n+2){border-bottom:1px solid}.projects,.archive-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.projects article,.archive-card{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid;min-height:400px}.section-head{grid-template-columns:35px 1fr}.section-head p{display:none}.writing-list a{grid-template-columns:35px 1fr 20px}.writing-list em{display:none}.about h2{font-size:16vw}.elsewhere h2{margin-top:50px}.else-links{padding-top:0}footer{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.footmark{grid-column:1/-1;margin-bottom:50px}.chart{height:180px}}

/* V2 refinements */
.signal-wrap{margin-top:34px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;min-height:330px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.signal-chart{width:100%;height:330px;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.construction line,.construction path{fill:none;stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:.65;stroke-dasharray:2 3;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.observations line{stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:.8;opacity:.72;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.signal-points circle{fill:var(--ink)}.signal-line{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:.75;stroke-dasharray:2 3;opacity:.48;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.signal-caption{padding:32px 34px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);align-content:start;gap:12px;font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.25em}.signal-caption strong{grid-column:1/-1;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(24px,2.7vw,43px);line-height:1.22;letter-spacing:.13em;font-weight:400;margin-top:58px}.research-filter{display:flex;gap:28px;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.12em}.research-filter span{opacity:.45}.research-filter .active{opacity:1;font-weight:700}.projects{grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr}.projects article:not(.featured) h3{font-size:25px}.case-metric{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:28px}.case-metric span{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:5px 7px;font-size:7px;letter-spacing:.09em}@media(max-width:1100px){.projects{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.projects article{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}.projects article:nth-child(2n){border-right:0}}@media(max-width:800px){.signal-wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr}.signal-chart{height:240px;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.signal-caption{padding:24px 0 34px}.signal-caption strong{margin-top:30px}.projects{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-filter{overflow-x:auto;white-space:nowrap}.hero h1{font-size:18vw}}



/* SITE 3 — screenshot-defined top + bottom, V2 middle preserved */
body:before{content:"";position:fixed;inset:0;pointer-events:none;z-index:99;opacity:.10;background-image:radial-gradient(#000 .45px,transparent .6px);background-size:5px 5px}
.study-header{height:92px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 3.2vw;position:relative;background:var(--paper);font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}
.study-signature{font-family:"Snell Roundhand","Segoe Script","Brush Script MT",cursive;font-size:38px;letter-spacing:-1px;transform:rotate(-2deg);white-space:nowrap}
.study-header nav{margin-left:auto;display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:center;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px}.study-header nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.study-header nav i{font-style:normal}.study-menu{display:none;margin-left:auto;background:none;border:0;font-size:22px}
.study-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3fr 1.15fr;min-height:520px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;padding:0}
.study-viz{position:relative;border-right:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);overflow:hidden}.study-viz svg{position:absolute;inset:35px 0 0;width:100%;height:calc(100% - 35px)}.study-grid path,.study-curve,.study-arc{fill:none;stroke:#111}.study-grid path{stroke-width:.55;opacity:.15}.study-curve{stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:2 6}.study-arc{stroke-width:.7;opacity:.25}.study-dots circle{fill:#111}.study-discipline,.study-est{position:absolute;z-index:2;left:3.2vw;font-size:10px;line-height:1.55;letter-spacing:1.4px}.study-discipline{top:65px}.study-est{bottom:40px}.study-statement{padding:65px 5vw 45px 4vw;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.study-statement>span{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px}.study-statement h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(44px,4vw,66px);line-height:.98;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:30px 0}.study-statement p{line-height:1.55;max-width:340px}.study-statement a{margin-top:auto;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.5px}
.study-lower{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1.4fr 1fr;min-height:210px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}.study-quote,.study-recent{padding:28px 3vw;border-right:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18)}.study-quote>span,.study-recent>span{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px}.study-quote blockquote{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:18px 0}.study-quote small{letter-spacing:5px}.study-recent p{font-size:11px;border-top:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);padding:11px 0;margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 20px}.study-recent b{font-size:9px;font-weight:400}.study-recent em{font-style:normal}.study-shadow{background:linear-gradient(145deg,#222 0 38%,#888 39% 44%,#171717 45% 100%);opacity:.9}.study-footer{height:72px;padding:0 3.2vw;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:2px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);border-top:0}.study-footer b{font-size:16px;letter-spacing:8px}.study-footer span{height:1px;background:#111;flex:1;opacity:.6}.study-footer p{margin:0}
@media(max-width:800px){.study-header{height:76px}.study-signature{font-size:27px}.study-header nav{display:none}.study-menu{display:block}.study-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}.study-viz{height:330px;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18)}.study-statement{min-height:370px;padding:32px 8vw}.study-statement h1{font-size:42px}.study-discipline,.study-est{left:6vw}.study-lower{grid-template-columns:1fr}.study-quote,.study-recent{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18)}.study-shadow{height:160px}.study-footer{height:auto;padding:25px 6vw;flex-wrap:wrap}.study-footer span{min-width:100px}}

/* Typography refinement — research cards use mono as analytical voice */
.research-filter,
.projects .meta,
.projects p,
.projects a,
.case-metric span {
  font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;
}
.projects p {
  font-size:14px;
  line-height:1.62;
  letter-spacing:.005em;
  max-width:500px;
}
.projects .meta {
  font-size:8.5px;
  letter-spacing:.1em;
}
.projects a {
  font-size:9px;
  letter-spacing:.08em;
}

/* INTERNAL RESEARCH PAGES */
.page-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.15fr;min-height:52vh;border-bottom:1px solid #bdb7ab;background:#f2eee5}.page-hero .left{padding:80px 5vw;border-right:1px solid #c8c1b5}.page-hero .right{padding:80px 5vw;display:flex;align-items:flex-end}.page-kicker,.page-meta,.method-label,.figure-label,.project-index,.research-intro p,.research-list .meta,.back-link{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;letter-spacing:.08em}.page-kicker{font-size:12px}.page-hero h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(54px,7vw,112px);line-height:.88;margin:28px 0 0}.page-hero .right p{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:clamp(18px,1.7vw,28px);line-height:1.55;max-width:650px}.research-intro{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.7fr 1.3fr;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb4a8}.research-intro>div{padding:50px 5vw}.research-intro>div:first-child{border-right:1px solid #bbb4a8}.research-intro h2{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(34px,4vw,64px);margin:0}.research-intro p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.8}.research-list{background:#171717;color:#eee}.research-list article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:100px 1.5fr 1fr 60px;gap:24px;align-items:center;padding:34px 5vw;border-bottom:1px solid #444;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.research-list h3{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(26px,3vw,48px);margin:0}.research-list p{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;line-height:1.5;font-size:14px}.research-list .project-index{font-size:12px}.research-list .arrow{font-size:24px}.case-hero{min-height:72vh;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr .75fr;background:#f2eee5;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb4a8}.case-title{padding:90px 5vw 60px;border-right:1px solid #bbb4a8}.case-title h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(58px,7vw,118px);line-height:.9;margin:35px 0}.case-title .dek{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:clamp(18px,1.7vw,26px);line-height:1.55;max-width:760px}.case-aside{padding:90px 4vw;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.case-aside dl{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:13px}.case-aside dt{opacity:.55;margin-top:20px}.case-aside dd{margin:4px 0 0}.case-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px 1fr;max-width:1400px;margin:auto}.case-nav{padding:70px 30px;position:sticky;top:0;height:max-content;font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:12px;line-height:2.2}.case-content{border-left:1px solid #bbb4a8;padding:70px 6vw 120px}.case-content section{padding:0 0 80px}.case-content h2{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(36px,4vw,64px);margin:0 0 24px}.case-content .bodycopy{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:21px;line-height:1.65;max-width:850px}.method-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);border:1px solid #aaa;margin-top:35px}.method-strip div{padding:24px;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.method-strip div:last-child{border:0}.method-label{font-size:10px;display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.figure{margin:45px 0;border-top:1px solid #999;border-bottom:1px solid #999;padding:20px 0}.figure-label{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:18px}.figure svg{width:100%;height:260px}.figure figcaption{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:15px}.finding{background:#171717;color:#f2eee5;padding:50px;margin:30px 0}.finding span{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px}.finding p{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,58px);line-height:1.08;margin:25px 0 0}.placeholder-note{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:12px;border:1px dashed #999;padding:18px;margin-top:25px}.internal-footer{padding:35px 5vw;border-top:1px solid #aaa;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px}.study-header a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}
@media(max-width:800px){.page-hero,.case-hero,.research-intro{grid-template-columns:1fr}.page-hero .left,.case-title,.research-intro>div:first-child{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb4a8}.page-hero .left,.page-hero .right,.case-title,.case-aside{padding:45px 24px}.research-list article{grid-template-columns:45px 1fr 30px}.research-list article p{grid-column:2}.case-body{grid-template-columns:1fr}.case-nav{position:static;padding:25px 24px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb4a8}.case-content{border-left:0;padding:45px 24px}.method-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.method-strip div:nth-child(2){border-right:0}.method-strip div{border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.study-header nav{display:none}}

/* SECONDARY INTERNAL PAGES */
.writing-editorial{background:#171717;color:#f2eee5}.writing-editorial>a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px 1.3fr 1fr 80px;gap:30px;align-items:center;padding:46px 5vw;border-bottom:1px solid #484848}.writing-editorial h2{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(38px,5vw,78px);font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin:0}.writing-editorial p,.writing-editorial span,.writing-editorial b{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}.writing-editorial p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.65}.writing-editorial span,.writing-editorial b{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em}.writing-editorial>a:hover h2{font-style:italic}
.archive-editorial{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr 1fr;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.archive-editorial article{min-height:570px;padding:40px 3vw;border-right:1px solid #aaa;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.archive-editorial article:last-child{border:0}.archive-editorial span,.archive-editorial p,.archive-editorial b{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}.archive-editorial span,.archive-editorial b{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em}.archive-editorial h2{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(44px,5vw,80px);font-weight:400;line-height:.95;margin:auto 0 30px}.archive-editorial p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.65;max-width:420px}.archive-editorial b{margin-top:30px;border-top:1px solid;padding-top:14px}.archive-graph svg{width:100%;height:130px;margin:auto 0 20px}.archive-graph polyline{fill:none;stroke:#111;stroke-width:1.2}
.about-internal{padding:45px 5vw 90px}.about-number{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em}.about-manifesto{margin-top:85px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr .6fr;gap:5vw;align-items:end}.about-manifesto h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(54px,7vw,112px);line-height:.9;margin:0}.about-manifesto h1 em{font-weight:400}.about-lead{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6}.about-copy{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;margin-top:90px;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.about-copy>div{padding:30px;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.about-copy>div:last-child{border:0}.about-copy span,.about-copy p{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}.about-copy span{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.about-copy p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7}.about-fields{background:#171717;color:#f2eee5;padding:45px 5vw 80px}.about-fields>span{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.about-fields p{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(34px,5vw,78px);line-height:1;margin:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #444;padding-bottom:20px}
.index-body{background:#171717;color:#f2eee5}.index-body .study-header{background:#171717;color:#f2eee5;border-color:#444}.index-internal{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;min-height:calc(100vh - 160px)}.index-title,.index-directory{padding:70px 5vw}.index-title{border-right:1px solid #444}.index-title>span,.index-directory>span,.index-directory em,.index-directory i{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.index-title h1{font-size:clamp(64px,8vw,130px);line-height:.82;letter-spacing:-.07em;margin:100px 0 0}.index-directory>a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 30px;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #444;padding:27px 0}.index-directory b{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,46px);font-weight:400}.index-directory em{font-style:normal}.index-body .internal-footer{border-color:#444}
@media(max-width:800px){.writing-editorial>a{grid-template-columns:1fr 30px;padding:32px 24px}.writing-editorial>a span,.writing-editorial>a p{grid-column:1}.writing-editorial>a b{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/4}.archive-editorial{grid-template-columns:1fr}.archive-editorial article{min-height:430px;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding:32px 24px}.about-internal{padding:35px 24px 60px}.about-manifesto{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin-top:55px}.about-copy{grid-template-columns:1fr}.about-copy>div{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.about-fields{padding:40px 24px}.index-internal{grid-template-columns:1fr}.index-title{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid #444;padding:50px 24px}.index-title h1{margin-top:60px}.index-directory{padding:40px 24px}.index-directory>a{grid-template-columns:1fr 25px}.index-directory em{display:none}}
/* WRITING COLLECTION + ESSAY PAGES */
.writing-intro-note{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding:18px 5vw;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.essay-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.3fr .7fr;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#f2eee5}.essay-hero-main{padding:78px 6vw 60px;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.essay-hero-side{padding:78px 4vw 50px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.essay-hero h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(52px,7vw,110px);font-weight:400;line-height:.9;margin:28px 0 16px}.essay-subtitle{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(20px,2.2vw,34px);margin:0}.essay-meta,.essay-hero-side{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7;letter-spacing:.06em}.essay-body{max-width:850px;margin:0 auto;padding:80px 5vw 120px}.essay-body p{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(19px,2vw,25px);line-height:1.72;margin:0 0 1.55em}.essay-body .stanza{white-space:pre-line}.essay-body .pull{font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,58px);line-height:1.15;margin:70px -8vw 70px 0}.essay-body .mono-note{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding:16px 0;margin:45px 0}.essay-signoff{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace!important;font-size:13px!important;margin-top:70px!important}.essay-origin{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:18px;margin-top:70px;font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;line-height:1.7}.writing-editorial>a.featured-writing{padding-top:62px;padding-bottom:62px}.writing-editorial>a.origin-writing{opacity:.78}.writing-editorial .writing-date{font-size:9px;opacity:.7}.substack-link{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em}
@media(max-width:800px){.essay-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}.essay-hero-main{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding:48px 24px}.essay-hero-side{padding:28px 24px}.essay-body{padding:55px 24px 80px}.essay-body .pull{margin:55px 0}.writing-intro-note{padding:15px 24px;gap:20px;flex-direction:column}}

/* DRW case analysis */
.method-strip.drw-five{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr)}.method-strip.drw-five div{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:12px;line-height:1.55}.case-aside dd a,.placeholder-note a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor}.case-aside dd a:hover,.placeholder-note a:hover{opacity:.6}@media(max-width:1050px){.method-strip.drw-five{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.method-strip.drw-five div{border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.method-strip.drw-five div:nth-child(2n){border-right:0}}@media(max-width:600px){.method-strip.drw-five{grid-template-columns:1fr}.method-strip.drw-five div{border-right:0}}

/* ARCHIVE — credits ledger */
.archive-hero-new{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.35fr .65fr;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;min-height:610px}.archive-hero-copy{padding:64px 5vw 55px;border-right:1px solid #aaa;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between}.archive-hero-copy h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(58px,7.5vw,122px);font-weight:400;line-height:.88;letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:110px 0 0}.archive-hero-copy h1 em{font-weight:400}.archive-hero-note{padding:64px 4vw 55px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}.archive-hero-note>span,.archive-hero-note small{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.archive-hero-note p{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(22px,2.1vw,34px);line-height:1.35;margin:auto 0}.archive-hero-note small{line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:16px}.archive-ledger{padding:0 5vw 90px}.archive-ledger-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 290px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #111;font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.archive-ledger-head span:last-child{text-align:right}.archive-credit{display:grid;grid-template-columns:70px 1fr 290px;align-items:center;min-height:118px;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.archive-no,.archive-credit p{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.09em}.archive-credit h2{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,62px);font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin:0}.archive-credit p{text-align:right;margin:0}.archive-credit:hover h2{font-style:italic}.archive-coda{background:#171717;color:#f2eee5;padding:70px 5vw 80px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr 130px;gap:4vw;align-items:start}.archive-coda span,.archive-coda-mark{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.1em}.archive-coda blockquote{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,58px);line-height:1.15;margin:0}.archive-coda-mark{align-self:end;text-align:right}@media(max-width:800px){.archive-hero-new{grid-template-columns:1fr;min-height:0}.archive-hero-copy{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding:45px 24px}.archive-hero-copy h1{margin-top:70px}.archive-hero-note{padding:35px 24px;min-height:360px}.archive-ledger{padding:0 24px 60px}.archive-ledger-head{grid-template-columns:1fr}.archive-ledger-head span:last-child{display:none}.archive-credit{grid-template-columns:38px 1fr;min-height:105px;padding:18px 0}.archive-credit p{grid-column:2;text-align:left;margin-top:10px}.archive-coda{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:50px 24px}.archive-coda-mark{text-align:left;margin-top:25px}}


/* ENTRY VEIL */
.entry-veil{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9999;background:#f2eee5;color:#111;display:grid;grid-template-columns:5vw 1fr 5vw;grid-template-rows:72px 1fr auto;overflow:hidden;opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition:opacity .65s ease,visibility .65s ease}
.entry-veil.is-leaving{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}
.entry-veil-grid{position:absolute;inset:0;pointer-events:none;opacity:.5;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,transparent calc(20% - .5px),rgba(17,17,17,.14) 20%,transparent calc(20% + .5px)),linear-gradient(to right,transparent calc(50% - .5px),rgba(17,17,17,.14) 50%,transparent calc(50% + .5px)),linear-gradient(to right,transparent calc(80% - .5px),rgba(17,17,17,.14) 80%,transparent calc(80% + .5px)),linear-gradient(to bottom,transparent calc(31% - .5px),rgba(17,17,17,.12) 31%,transparent calc(31% + .5px)),linear-gradient(to bottom,transparent calc(72% - .5px),rgba(17,17,17,.12) 72%,transparent calc(72% + .5px))}
.entry-veil:before{content:"";position:absolute;left:9vw;right:9vw;top:17%;height:62%;border-top:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(17,17,17,.18);transform:skewY(-3deg);pointer-events:none}
.entry-veil-code,.entry-veil-meta,.entry-veil-mark,.entry-veil-enter{font-family:"Courier New",Courier,monospace}
.entry-veil-code{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;align-self:end;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.12em;padding-bottom:16px}
.entry-veil-main{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;align-self:center;position:relative;z-index:1;max-width:1120px;padding:5vh 0}
.entry-veil-main h1{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:clamp(58px,8.6vw,142px);font-weight:900;line-height:.83;letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:0}
.entry-veil-main h1 em{font-weight:900;font-style:normal}
.entry-veil-main>p{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:clamp(18px,1.65vw,27px);line-height:1.45;max-width:650px;margin:36px 0 42px}
.entry-veil-enter{appearance:none;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #111;background:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0 0 9px;cursor:pointer;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-align:left}
.entry-veil-enter span{display:inline-block;margin-left:10px;transition:transform .25s ease}.entry-veil-enter:hover span{transform:translateX(7px)}
.entry-veil-meta{grid-column:2;grid-row:3;border-top:1px solid #111;padding:18px 0 22px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr auto;gap:24px;position:relative;z-index:1}
.entry-veil-meta p{font-size:9px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:.09em;margin:0}.entry-veil-meta p:last-child{text-align:right}
.entry-veil-mark{position:absolute;right:5vw;top:31%;transform:translateY(-50%);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.1em}
body.veil-open{overflow:hidden}
@media(max-width:800px){.entry-veil{grid-template-columns:24px 1fr 24px;grid-template-rows:56px 1fr auto}.entry-veil-main h1{font-size:clamp(48px,15vw,82px);line-height:.88}.entry-veil-main>p{font-size:18px;margin:28px 0 34px;max-width:92%}.entry-veil-meta{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:7px;padding:15px 0 20px}.entry-veil-meta p:last-child{text-align:left}.entry-veil-mark{right:24px}.entry-veil:before{left:24px;right:24px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.entry-veil{transition:none}.entry-veil-enter span{transition:none}}

.study-signature{
  display:block;
  width:clamp(220px,26vw,390px);
  height:58px;
  background:url("tiffany-signature.png") left center/contain no-repeat;
  font-size:0 !important;
  transform:none !important;
}
@media(max-width:800px){
  .study-signature{width:230px;height:48px}
}